Gut feelings: Social connections change our microbiomes

Friends tend to share common interests, tastes, lifestyles, and other traits, but a new study demonstrates that similarities among buddies can also include the makeup of the microbes lining their guts.

The study, published in the journal Nature, examined the relationship between the structure of people’s social networks and the composition of their microbiomes — the bacteria and other microorganisms inhabiting individuals’ gastrointestinal tracts.

For the study, the researchers combined comprehensive mapping of the social networks of 1,787 adults living in 18 isolated villages in Honduras with detailed microbiome data from each participant; the vast database included 2,543 microbial species and 339,137 different strains — close genetic variants of the same species that share some features not found in other members of the species.

They found that people connected through a variety of relationship types — including non-familial and non-household connections — exhibit similarities in their microbiomes that go beyond what one would expect through chance.

What the researchers say: “We found substantial evidence of microbiome sharing happening among people who are not family and who don’t live together, even after accounting for other factors like diet, water sources, and medications,” the lead author said. “In fact, microbiome sharing was the strongest predictor of people’s social relationships in the villages we studied, beyond characteristics like wealth, religion, or education.”

The highest amount of microbial sharing occurred among spouses and people living in the same households, but the researchers also observed elevated rates of sharing among other connections — including friends, or even second-degree social connections (such as friends of friends). Furthermore, people in the center of the social networks were more similar to the rest of the villagers than people at the social periphery, in keeping with a social flow of microbes across network ties within the villages.

The frequency with which people spend time together, including how often they share meals or how they greet each other — whether with handshakes, hugs, or kisses — was also associated with an increase in microbial sharing.

At the same time, the researchers observed less microbial sharing between people residing in the same village who lacked social relationships with each other. And they saw even less sharing among individuals who lived in separate villages.

Two years after the initial data collection, the researchers remeasured the microbiomes of a subset of 301 participants from four of the villages. They found that the individuals among this subset who were socially connected had become more microbially similar that those who were not connected.

The researchers also discovered that clusters of microbial species and strains occur within groups of people within villages, meaning that social networks provide niches wherein individuals develop similar microbiomes to each other.

“Think of how different social niches form at a place like a university,” the researchers explained. “You have friend groups centered on things like theater, or crew, or being physics majors. Our study indicates that the people composing these groups may be connected in ways we never previously thought, even through their microbiomes.”

The findings have negative and positive implications, the researchers said. For example, they suggest that certain diseases or health conditions associated with the microbiome are more communicable than previously thought. But they also indicate that the benefits associated with having a healthy microbiome are transferable through social networks.

“What’s so fascinating is that we’re so interconnected,” the lead author said. “Those connections go beyond the social level to the microbial level.”

So, what? This is a fascinating study. It has long been known (at least for the last 5 years) that married couples who have more genetic similarity (height, hair/eye color, intelligence, leadership etc.) stay together longer. Also, those with the greatest number of commonalities (childhood background, education, assumptions, beliefs, language etc.) are more likely to collaborate together, or to be friends for longer.

We also know that our microbiota largely dictate our feelings, and even our decisions (some 60% of all our decision-making originates in the gut according to several studies).

If we have commonality in our gut microbiota, we are likely to share feelings about issues, and decisions, making collaboration that much easier.