Many people feel their jobs are pointless

A sociological study by Swiss researchers confirms that a considerable proportion of employees perceive their work as socially useless. Employees in financial, sales and management occupations are more likely to conclude that their jobs are of little use to society.

In recent years, research showed that many professionals consider their work to be “socially useless”. Various explanations have been proposed for the phenomenon. The much-discussed “bullshit jobs theory” by the American anthropologist David Graeber, for example, states that some jobs are objectively useless and that this occurs more frequently in certain occupations than others.

Other researchers suggested that the reason people felt their jobs were useless was solely because they were routine and lacked autonomy or good management rather than anything intrinsic to their work. However, this is only one part of the story, as a recent study by a separate Swiss researcher shows. It was the first to give quantitative support to the relevance of occupations.

In his study, he analyzed survey data on 1,811 respondents in the USA working in 21 types of jobs, who were asked if their work gave them “a feeling of making a positive impact on community and society” and “the feeling of doing useful work”. The survey, carried out in 2015, found that 19 percent of respondents spread across a range of occupations answered “never” or “rarely” to the questions.

His team adjusted the raw data to compare workers with the same degree of routine work, job autonomy and quality of management, and found that the nature of the job still had a large effect on their perceived pointlessness once working conditions were excluded as a factor. Employees in the occupations that the present researchers deemed useless were more likely to reply negatively.

Those working in finance and sales were more than twice as likely to say their jobs were socially useless than others. Office assistants and managers were also more likely to say this, though less strongly (1.6 or 1.9 times more likely than others).

What the researchers say: “The original evidence presented was mainly qualitative, which made it difficult to assess the magnitude of the problem,” said the lead researcher. “This new study extends on the previous analysis by drawing on a rich, under-utilized dataset and is the first to find quantitative evidence supporting the argument that the occupation can be decisive for the perceived pointlessness.” The researchers also found that the share of workers who consider their jobs socially useless is higher in the private sector than in the non-profit or the public sector.

However, the new study also finds other factors influence employees’ perceptions of their own work, including alienation, unfavorable working conditions and social interaction. “Employees’ assessment of whether their work is perceived as socially useless is a very complex issue that needs to be approached from different angles,” the lead author said. “It depends on various factors that do not necessarily have anything to do with the actual usefulness of work. For example, people may also view their work as socially useless because unfavorable working conditions make it seem pointless.”

So, what? We feel our work is worthwhile socially, or to us, if it engages us and if we find it rewarding in four specific ways. Essentially, we work to relate to others, to learn (our brains are earning machines, when we stop learning we begin to die), to acquire status and/or money, and to find a socially useful purpose. Most jobs do not give us the opportunities we need to do all of these things. Therefore, we find them “pointless.”

AI will increase this sense of futility by dehumanizing work.